Headline results and trajectory

In January–July 2025, Uzbekistan’s foreign trade turnover reached $44.4 billion, which is $7,376.4 million (plus 19.9 percent) more than in the same period of 2024. Exports amounted to $20,108.9 million (plus 34.9 percent), while imports totaled $24,292.3 million (plus 9.9 percent). The trade balance remains negative; however, the deficit narrowed to $4,183.5 million (versus $7,200.8 million a year earlier). Compared with 2023, the deficit is also smaller ($5,067.0 million in 2023).

The Republic engages in trade with 197 countries. The largest partners by total turnover are: China (share 18.2 percent), the Russian Federation (16.1 percent), Kazakhstan (5.9 percent), Türkiye (3.6 percent), and the Republic of Korea (2.2 percent). In value terms for January–July 2025: China — $8,077.2 million, the Russian Federation — $7,162.6 million, Kazakhstan — $2,636.3 million, Türkiye — $1,606.9 million, and the Republic of Korea — $981.5 million.

Exports: scale, composition, geography

Scale and overall composition

Within exports, goods account for 75.9 percent and services for 24.1 percent. A key structural feature of goods exports in January–July 2025 is the high share of “other goods,” which concentrates non-monetary gold: “other goods” total $7,734.2 million (38.5 percent of exports), of which non-monetary gold equals $7,589.1 million (37.7 percent).

Contributions of major commodity sections (share of exports; growth rates):

• Food and live animals — $1,510.3 million; 7.5 percent; plus 39.7 percent.

• Chemicals and related products — $1,172.5 million; 5.8 percent; plus 16.9 percent.

• Manufactured goods — $2,228.2 million; 11.1 percent; 90.0 percent of the 2024 level.

• Machinery and transport equipment — $562.3 million; 2.8 percent; 82.7 percent of the 2024 level.

• Miscellaneous manufactured articles — $872.6 million; 4.3 percent; plus 31.8 percent.

Export geography

The ten leading export destinations by share of total exports are: the Russian Federation (12.3 percent), China (5.5 percent), Kazakhstan (4.0 percent), Afghanistan (3.7 percent), Türkiye (3.0 percent), France (2.6 percent), the United Arab Emirates (1.8 percent), the Kyrgyz Republic (1.6 percent), Tajikistan (1.4 percent), and Pakistan (1.2 percent). Together, these countries account for 37.0 percent of total exports.

Exports of fruit and vegetable products: volume, product mix, revenue

Over seven months of 2025, 1,277.7 thousand metric tons of fruit and vegetable products were exported (plus 5.2 percent versus 2024), with revenue of $1,066.8 million (plus 35.2 percent), representing 5.3 percent of total exports. Composition:

• Fruits — 214.0 thousand metric tons and $269.1 million (including dried grapes — 54.7 thousand metric tons; $73.4 million; cherries — 34.3 thousand metric tons; $72.5 million; apricots — 61.0 thousand metric tons; $46.7 million; dried plums — 23.5 thousand metric tons; $32.9 million; grapes — 29.5 thousand metric tons; $24.9 million; dried apricots — 11.1 thousand metric tons; $18.6 million).

• Vegetables — 494.9 thousand metric tons and $168.5 million (onions — 283.9 thousand metric tons; $79.7 million; cabbage — 126.7 thousand metric tons; $48.6 million; tomatoes — 30.8 thousand metric tons; $24.8 million; carrots — 39.2 thousand metric tons; $8.0 million; cucumbers — 5.7 thousand metric tons; $4.1 million; radishes — 8.6 thousand metric tons; $3.3 million; peppers — 8.1 thousand metric tons; $6.4 million).

• Pulses and nuts: mung beans — 33.6 thousand metric tons; $32.1 million; peanuts — 7.2 thousand metric tons; $6.8 million.

• Other fruit and vegetable items — 519.9 thousand metric tons; $583.8 million.

Exports of textile products

Textile exports totaled $1,471.0 million (7.3 percent of total exports), down by 17.1 percent versus 2024. In the internal structure, finished textile goods account for 49 percent, yarn for 31 percent, knitted fabric for 12 percent, fabrics for 5 percent, socks for 2 percent, and carpets for 1 percent.

Exports of services

The volume of exported services amounted to $4,846.9 million (plus 30.2 percent year-on-year); share in total exports — 24.1 percent. The profile includes: travel (tourism) — 52.5 percent; transport — 32.8 percent; telecommunications, computer and information services — 8.5 percent; other business services — 2.9 percent. Within “other services” (3.3 percent), the largest components are insurance and pension services (1.1 percent) and financial services (0.9 percent).

Imports: scale, composition, geography

Scale and composition

Imports reached $24,292.3 million (plus 9.9 percent versus January–July 2024). The principal sections in the structure are: machinery and transport equipment — 33.3 percent; manufactured goods — 16.0 percent; chemicals and related products — 12.8 percent. Goods imports totaled $21,778.8 million; imports of services amounted to $2,513.5 million.

Selected commodity-group details:

• Food and live animals — $2,320.8 million; plus 13.8 percent.

• Non-food raw materials, excluding fuels — $798.3 million; plus 35.2 percent.

• Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials — $2,062.5 million; 81.6 percent of the 2024 level.

• Chemicals and related products — $3,111.1 million; plus 13.6 percent.

• Manufactured goods — $3,880.7 million; plus 16.4 percent.

• Machinery and transport equipment — $8,098.4 million; 103.7 percent of the 2024 level.

• Miscellaneous manufactured articles — $906.1 million; plus 13.6 percent.

Imports of services

Imports of services amounted to $2,513.5 million (plus 32.1 percent year-on-year), or 10.3 percent of total imports. The structure comprises: travel (tourism) — 55.9 percent; transport services — 18.5 percent; telecommunications, computer and information services — 10.2 percent; other business services — 5.3 percent; and other services — 10.1 percent.

Import geography

Goods and services were imported from 163 countries. More than two-thirds of imports fall on the following major partners: China — 28.7 percent; the Russian Federation — 19.3 percent; Kazakhstan — 7.6 percent; Türkiye — 4.1 percent; the Republic of Korea — 3.9 percent; Germany — 2.8 percent; and India — 2.6 percent. In value terms: China — $6,980.3 million; the Russian Federation — $4,697.6 million; Kazakhstan — $1,840.5 million; Türkiye — $994.0 million; the Republic of Korea — $956.5 million; Germany — $681.9 million; India — $636.2 million; followed by Turkmenistan ($503.1 million), Belarus ($388.2 million), the United States of America ($368.2 million), and other countries ($6,245.8 million).

Structural features and shifts (as reported)

1. Narrowing deficit amid faster export growth. The foreign trade deficit in January–July 2025 is smaller than in 2024 and 2023, against the backdrop of accelerated export growth (plus 34.9 percent) and moderate import growth (plus 9.9 percent).

2. High concentration of exports in non-monetary gold. Non-monetary gold accounts for 37.7 percent of export earnings and drives the “other goods” position; “other goods” total $7,734.2 million, of which non-monetary gold is $7,589.1 million.

3. Rising role of exported services. Services provided 24.1 percent of total exports. Within services, travel (tourism) and transport are the key drivers (52.5 percent and 32.8 percent, respectively), while telecommunications, computer and information services reached 8.5 percent.

4. Mixed dynamics across commodity groups. On the export side, “manufactured goods” (90.0 percent of the 2024 level) and “machinery and transport equipment” (82.7 percent) declined, while “food and live animals” (plus 39.7 percent) and “miscellaneous manufactured articles” (plus 31.8 percent) rose. On the import side, purchases of several fuels decreased (mineral fuels — 81.6 percent of the 2024 level), while procurement of machinery, parts, and a number of raw-material and chemical categories increased.

5. Fruit and vegetable exports: growth in both volume and value. Exports of fruit and vegetable products increased in physical terms (plus 5.2 percent) and in value terms (plus 35.2 percent), with a balanced basket of fresh and processed products.

6. Textiles: export correction. Despite the strong role of finished goods (49 percent) and yarn (31 percent), overall textile exports decreased by 17.1 percent versus 2024, to $1,471.0 million.

7. Geography: strengthening ties with key partners. In total turnover, positions of China and the Russian Federation strengthened (China $8,077.2 million; Russia $7,162.6 million), alongside growth with several other countries (including Kazakhstan), while turnover with Türkiye and the Republic of Korea decreased versus 2024.

Data source: National Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics, press release “Foreign Trade Turnover of the Republic of Uzbekistan,” preliminary results for January–July 2025 (publication date: 21 August 2025).